The CSB issues safety recommendations to prevent the recurrence or reduce the likelihood or consequences of similar incidents or hazards in the future. Recommendations are issued to a variety of parties, including government entities, safety organizations, trade unions, trade associations, corporations, emergency response organizations, educational institutions, and public interest groups. Recommendations are published in CSB reports and are closed only by vote of the Board. The CSB tracks all recommendations and communicates regularly with recommendations recipients to ensure that the recommended corrective actions are implemented. For more information, see Frequently Asked Questions about CSB recommendations.
2005-2-I-TX-5
Amend the city building ordinances to require all newly installed pressure vessels to comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII. Status: Closed - Unacceptable Action/No Response Received
Amend the city building ordinances to require all newly installed pressure vessels to comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII.
2005-2-I-TX-6
Amend the city building ordinances to require pressure vessel repairs and alterations to comply with the National Board Inspection Code (NB-23). Status: Closed - Unacceptable Action/No Response Received
Amend the city building ordinances to require pressure vessel repairs and alterations to comply with the National Board Inspection Code (NB-23).
2005-2-I-TX-1
Implement the requirements of the National Board Inspection Code (NB-23) to repair all pressure vessels that have been altered at the facility. Require the application of NB-23 to all future pressure vessel repairs and alterations Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Implement the requirements of the National Board Inspection Code (NB-23) to repair all pressure vessels that have been altered at the facility. Require the application of NB-23 to all future pressure vessel repairs and alterations
2005-2-I-TX-2
Install pressure relief devices on all pressure vessels as required by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Install pressure relief devices on all pressure vessels as required by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII.
2005-2-I-TX-4
Train personnel on the safe operation and maintenance of the nitrogen system and the importance of controlling oxygen contamination in the inerting gas. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Train personnel on the safe operation and maintenance of the nitrogen system and the importance of controlling oxygen contamination in the inerting gas.
2005-2-I-TX-3
Require all newly installed pressure vessels to conform to the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Require all newly installed pressure vessels to conform to the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII.
2004-9-I-GA-8
Establish, equip, and train a hazardous materials response team. Work with the Whitfield County Emergency Management Agency to update the Emergency Operations Plan, clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of the response team. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Establish, equip, and train a hazardous materials response team. Work with the Whitfield County Emergency Management Agency to update the Emergency Operations Plan, clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of the response team.
2004-9-I-GA-9
Revise fire department and police department procedures and training to clearly define facility and evacuation zone access control responsibilities when hazardous chemicals are involved or suspected in an emergency. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revise fire department and police department procedures and training to clearly define facility and evacuation zone access control responsibilities when hazardous chemicals are involved or suspected in an emergency.
2004-9-I-GA-12
Clearly designate and define the roles of the agencies responsible for ensuring compliance with all sections of the SARA Title III (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act) including review of Local Emergency Response Plans and accompanying attachments, such as standard operating procedures. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Clearly designate and define the roles of the agencies responsible for ensuring compliance with all sections of the SARA Title III (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act) including review of Local Emergency Response Plans and accompanying attachments, such as standard operating procedures.
2004-9-I-GA-13
Designate a responsible agency and develop a system that will encourage and assist local authorities to obtain and use Risk Management Plans for those facilities that are required to develop this information to aid in the development of the site-specific emergency response plans. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Designate a responsible agency and develop a system that will encourage and assist local authorities to obtain and use Risk Management Plans for those facilities that are required to develop this information to aid in the development of the site-specific emergency response plans.
2004-9-I-GA-5
Implement written procedures for tolling agreements using resources such as the CCPS book Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations. Ensure that tolling agreements provide for: - Direct GPC involvement in new process development, including the detailed process hazard analysis and emergency planning, - Active participation in the first production run, as appropriate. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Implement written procedures for tolling agreements using resources such as the CCPS book Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations. Ensure that tolling agreements provide for: - Direct GPC involvement in new process development, including the detailed process hazard analysis and emergency planning, - Active participation in the first production run, as appropriate.
2004-9-I-GA-6
Revise the applicable sections of the Allyl Alcohol Product Safety Bulletin, appendices, and web page, to emphasize the applicability of the EPA Risk Management Program regulation and OSHA Process Safety Management standard. Clearly identify the threshold quantity of allyl alcohol applicable to each regulation. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revise the applicable sections of the Allyl Alcohol Product Safety Bulletin, appendices, and web page, to emphasize the applicability of the EPA Risk Management Program regulation and OSHA Process Safety Management standard. Clearly identify the threshold quantity of allyl alcohol applicable to each regulation.
2004-9-I-GA-7
Revise the customer site safety assessment process, clearly addressing both PSM and Risk Management Program applicability before shipping allyl alcohol to a new customer. Include a requirement to review the customer's program documents, including the (draft) RMP, and internal and external safety audit or assessment records. Require that appropriate Lyondell health, safety, and environmental personnel review the written customer safety assessment before approving the shipment of allyl alcohol. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revise the customer site safety assessment process, clearly addressing both PSM and Risk Management Program applicability before shipping allyl alcohol to a new customer. Include a requirement to review the customer's program documents, including the (draft) RMP, and internal and external safety audit or assessment records. Require that appropriate Lyondell health, safety, and environmental personnel review the written customer safety assessment before approving the shipment of allyl alcohol.
2004-9-I-GA-1
Develop written procedures that require a comprehensive hazard analysis of new processes, especially those involving reactive chemistry. Ensure the hazard evaluations address critical process controls, overpressure protection, alarms, and other equipment such as vent collection/containment devices to minimize the possibility and consequences of a toxic or flammable release. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Develop written procedures that require a comprehensive hazard analysis of new processes, especially those involving reactive chemistry. Ensure the hazard evaluations address critical process controls, overpressure protection, alarms, and other equipment such as vent collection/containment devices to minimize the possibility and consequences of a toxic or flammable release.
2004-9-I-GA-2
Provide EPA Risk Management Program regulation and OSHA Process Safety Management program training to affected personnel to ensure that the facility understands the scope and application of each regulation, and implements all requirements prior to receiving and using covered chemicals. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Provide EPA Risk Management Program regulation and OSHA Process Safety Management program training to affected personnel to ensure that the facility understands the scope and application of each regulation, and implements all requirements prior to receiving and using covered chemicals.
2004-9-I-GA-3
Create a comprehensive emergency response plan and provide equipment and training that is appropriate to the duties assigned to employees in the event of an emergency. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Create a comprehensive emergency response plan and provide equipment and training that is appropriate to the duties assigned to employees in the event of an emergency.
2004-9-I-GA-4
Implement written tolling procedures using resources such as the CCPS book Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations. Ensure effective communication between the toller (MFG) and client throughout the process development, completion of a detailed process hazard analysis, creation of emergency procedures, and dissemination to all parties who would be involved in emergency response situations. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Implement written tolling procedures using resources such as the CCPS book Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations. Ensure effective communication between the toller (MFG) and client throughout the process development, completion of a detailed process hazard analysis, creation of emergency procedures, and dissemination to all parties who would be involved in emergency response situations.
2004-9-I-GA-14
Revise the SOCMA website to simplify locating the link to the CSB website www.csb.gov, such as adding a link in "More Resources" on the SOCMA home page. Ensure that the CSB website and the report Hazard Investigation: Improving Reactive Hazard Management, Report No. 2001-01-H can be easily located using the SOCMA website search engine. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revise the SOCMA website to simplify locating the link to the CSB website www.csb.gov, such as adding a link in "More Resources" on the SOCMA home page. Ensure that the CSB website and the report Hazard Investigation: Improving Reactive Hazard Management, Report No. 2001-01-H can be easily located using the SOCMA website search engine.
2004-9-I-GA-15
Develop a ChemStewards Management System Guidance Module that addresses tolling, including the best practices described in the CCPS book Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations, and emergency planning involving new products. Status: Closed - Acceptable Alternative Action
Develop a ChemStewards Management System Guidance Module that addresses tolling, including the best practices described in the CCPS book Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations, and emergency planning involving new products.
2004-9-I-GA-16
Develop a formal training module for the ChemStewards Management System Tolling Guidance Module and provide appropriate training to SOCMA member companies. Include in the training program a discussion on the tolling issues identified in the MFG report. Status: Closed - Acceptable Alternative Action
Develop a formal training module for the ChemStewards Management System Tolling Guidance Module and provide appropriate training to SOCMA member companies. Include in the training program a discussion on the tolling issues identified in the MFG report.
2004-9-I-GA-10
Establish a Local Emergency Planning Committee to assist the Whitfield County Emergency Management Agency to: - Develop site-specific agency emergency response plans and standard operating procedures, - Develop training programs and conduct drills for emergencies at fixed facilities, - Educate the community regarding proper protective actions, such as shelter-in-place and evacuation procedures. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Establish a Local Emergency Planning Committee to assist the Whitfield County Emergency Management Agency to: - Develop site-specific agency emergency response plans and standard operating procedures, - Develop training programs and conduct drills for emergencies at fixed facilities, - Educate the community regarding proper protective actions, such as shelter-in-place and evacuation procedures.
2004-9-I-GA-11
Work with the City of Dalton, representatives from local facilities, and relevant community representatives to review and revise the Emergency Operations Plan to: -Update the list of facilities handling hazardous chemicals, including those covered by the EPA Risk Management Program regulation, -Develop standard operating procedures addressing communication of emergency information, evacuation, and shelter-in-place, -Conduct community training and drills that involve operation of the emergency notification system and potential actions in the event of an emergency, -Implement an automated community emergency notification system. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Work with the City of Dalton, representatives from local facilities, and relevant community representatives to review and revise the Emergency Operations Plan to: -Update the list of facilities handling hazardous chemicals, including those covered by the EPA Risk Management Program regulation, -Develop standard operating procedures addressing communication of emergency information, evacuation, and shelter-in-place, -Conduct community training and drills that involve operation of the emergency notification system and potential actions in the event of an emergency, -Implement an automated community emergency notification system.
2017-01-I-KS-5
Coordinate planning and training activities to ensure emergency responders within Atchison County are prepared for future incidents involving hazardous materials. The Atchison County Local Emergency Planning Committee should do the following: a) Review facility Risk Management Plans as they are submitted or revised and conduct pre-planning at Risk Management Program covered facilities and all other facilities within the county that, based on annual Tier II reporting forms, store large amounts of hazardous chemicals. b) Conduct a full-scale hazardous materials exercise that involves an offsite chemical release scenario within the next three years. The exercise should include participants from local emergency response organizations, hospitals, schools, and fixed facilities. Identify and resolve coordination or communication issues identified during the exercise. c) Increase participation in state and regional emergency response training and programs. Work with the Kansas Department of Emergency Management to submit a Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness (HMEP) grant proposal to assist in funding additional training and pre-planning activities within the county. Status: Open - Acceptable Response or Alternate Response
Coordinate planning and training activities to ensure emergency responders within Atchison County are prepared for future incidents involving hazardous materials. The Atchison County Local Emergency Planning Committee should do the following:
a) Review facility Risk Management Plans as they are submitted or revised and conduct pre-planning at Risk Management Program covered facilities and all other facilities within the county that, based on annual Tier II reporting forms, store large amounts of hazardous chemicals.
b) Conduct a full-scale hazardous materials exercise that involves an offsite chemical release scenario within the next three years. The exercise should include participants from local emergency response organizations, hospitals, schools, and fixed facilities. Identify and resolve coordination or communication issues identified during the exercise.
c) Increase participation in state and regional emergency response training and programs. Work with the Kansas Department of Emergency Management to submit a Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness (HMEP) grant proposal to assist in funding additional training and pre-planning activities within the county.
2017-01-I-KS-3
Establish a refresher training program to ensure drivers know the location of various CTMV emergency shut-off devices, when to use them, and the effectiveness of those devices to stop the flow of chemicals during emergencies. The refresher training program should include drills for drivers to simulate the activation of all shut-off devices in defined incident scenarios (e.g., inadvertent mixing, chemical releases, etc.) during unloading operations. Establish a process to evaluate the effectiveness of the refresher training program. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Establish a refresher training program to ensure drivers know the location of various CTMV emergency shut-off devices, when to use them, and the effectiveness of those devices to stop the flow of chemicals during emergencies. The refresher training program should include drills for drivers to simulate the activation of all shut-off devices in defined incident scenarios (e.g., inadvertent mixing, chemical releases, etc.) during unloading operations. Establish a process to evaluate the effectiveness of the refresher training program.
2017-01-I-KS-4
Establish a process whereby the respiratory hazards associated with chemical unloading at customer sites are evaluated. The evaluations should, at a minimum, determine whether drivers need emergency escape respirators in the event of an accidental reaction and/or release of chemicals. If the results of the evaluations indicate that respiratory protection is needed, provide the equipment and training for such protection as appropriate. The equipment and training should be provided in accordance with OSHA’s Respiratory Protection Standard (29 C.F.R § 1910.134). The equipment should also be stored in an area that allows for immediate access. Status: Closed - Exceeds Recommended Action
Establish a process whereby the respiratory hazards associated with chemical unloading at customer sites are evaluated. The evaluations should, at a minimum, determine whether drivers need emergency escape respirators in the event of an accidental reaction and/or release of chemicals. If the results of the evaluations indicate that respiratory protection is needed, provide the equipment and training for such protection as appropriate. The equipment and training should be provided in accordance with OSHA’s Respiratory Protection Standard (29 C.F.R § 1910.134). The equipment should also be stored in an area that allows for immediate access.
2017-01-I-KS-1
Commission an independent engineering evaluation of the Mod B building and ventilation system and, based on the results of that evaluation, implement design changes and controls to protect occupants from a chemical release. At a minimum, the evaluation should assess the effectiveness of the building ventilation system, indoor and outdoor sources of chemicals, air intake locations, contaminant control methods such as filtration and removal, contaminant monitoring devices, and automation. The engineering evaluation of the ventilation system should consider airborne contaminants during normal operations as well as spills, releases, and chemicals produced from unintended reactions and inadvertent mixing. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Commission an independent engineering evaluation of the Mod B building and ventilation system and, based on the results of that evaluation, implement design changes and controls to protect occupants from a chemical release. At a minimum, the evaluation should assess the effectiveness of the building ventilation system, indoor and outdoor sources of chemicals, air intake locations, contaminant control methods such as filtration and removal, contaminant monitoring devices, and automation. The engineering evaluation of the ventilation system should consider airborne contaminants during normal operations as well as spills, releases, and chemicals produced from unintended reactions and inadvertent mixing.
2017-01-I-KS-2
Conduct an evaluation of the Mod B chemical transfer equipment (e.g., fill lines, transfer valves, transfer piping, tanks and other associated equipment) and install appropriate engineering safeguards to prevent and mitigate an unintended reaction, chemical release, or spill during bulk unloading. Where feasible, install safeguards, such as alarms and interlocks, to prevent personnel from opening the incorrect chemical transfer valves during deliveries. In addition, install mitigation measures to automatically shut down the transfer of chemicals into the facility based on process deviations or abnormal conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature, flow or level indications; gas detection). Status: Closed - Exceeds Recommended Action
Conduct an evaluation of the Mod B chemical transfer equipment (e.g., fill lines, transfer valves, transfer piping, tanks and other associated equipment) and install appropriate engineering safeguards to prevent and mitigate an unintended reaction, chemical release, or spill during bulk unloading. Where feasible, install safeguards, such as alarms and interlocks, to prevent personnel from opening the incorrect chemical transfer valves during deliveries. In addition, install mitigation measures to automatically shut down the transfer of chemicals into the facility based on process deviations or abnormal conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature, flow or level indications; gas detection).
1998-06-I-NJ-10
Communicate the findings of this report to your membership. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Communicate the findings of this report to your membership.
1998-06-I-NJ-9
Participate in a hazard investigation of reactive chemical process safety conducted by the CSB. The objectives of the special investigation will include: Determine the frequency and severity of reactive chemical incidents. Examine how industry, OSHA, and EPA are currently addressing reactive chemical hazards. Determine the differences, if any, between large/medium/small companies with regard to reactive chemical policies, practices, in-house reactivity research, testing, and process engineering. Analyze the effectiveness of industry and OSHA use of the National Fire Protection Association Reactivity Rating system for process safety management purposes. Develop recommendations for reducing the number and severity of reactive chemical incidents. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Participate in a hazard investigation of reactive chemical process safety conducted by the CSB. The objectives of the special investigation will include: Determine the frequency and severity of reactive chemical incidents. Examine how industry, OSHA, and EPA are currently addressing reactive chemical hazards. Determine the differences, if any, between large/medium/small companies with regard to reactive chemical policies, practices, in-house reactivity research, testing, and process engineering. Analyze the effectiveness of industry and OSHA use of the National Fire Protection Association Reactivity Rating system for process safety management purposes. Develop recommendations for reducing the number and severity of reactive chemical incidents.
1998-06-I-NJ-8
Issue joint guidelines on good practices for handling reactive chemical process hazards. Ensure that these guidelines, at a minimum, address the following issues: The evaluation of reactive hazards and the consequences of reasonably foreseeable and worst-case deviations from normal operations. The importance of reporting and investigating deviations from normal operations. The determination of proper design for pressure relief capability, emergency cooling process controls, alarms, and safety interlocks, as well as other good-practice design features for handling reactive substances. The appropriate use of chemical screening techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Issue joint guidelines on good practices for handling reactive chemical process hazards. Ensure that these guidelines, at a minimum, address the following issues: The evaluation of reactive hazards and the consequences of reasonably foreseeable and worst-case deviations from normal operations. The importance of reporting and investigating deviations from normal operations. The determination of proper design for pressure relief capability, emergency cooling process controls, alarms, and safety interlocks, as well as other good-practice design features for handling reactive substances. The appropriate use of chemical screening techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry.
1998-06-I-NJ-2
Revalidate Process Hazard Analyses for all reactive chemical processes in light of the findings of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) report and upgrade, as needed, equipment, operating procedures, and training. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revalidate Process Hazard Analyses for all reactive chemical processes in light of the findings of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) report and upgrade, as needed, equipment, operating procedures, and training.
1998-06-I-NJ-3
Evaluate pressure relief requirements for all reaction vessels using appropriate technology, such as the Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS)50 method and test apparatus and upgrade equipment as needed. Status: Closed - No Longer Applicable
Evaluate pressure relief requirements for all reaction vessels using appropriate technology, such as the Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS)50 method and test apparatus and upgrade equipment as needed.
1998-06-I-NJ-4
Evaluate the need for and install, as necessary, devices, such as alarms, added safety instrumentation, and quench or reactor dump systems to safely manage reactive chemical process hazards. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Evaluate the need for and install, as necessary, devices, such as alarms, added safety instrumentation, and quench or reactor dump systems to safely manage reactive chemical process hazards.
1998-06-I-NJ-5
Revise operating procedures and training for reactive chemical processes as needed, to include descriptions of the possible consequences of deviations from normal operational limits and steps that should be taken to correct these deviations, including emergency response actions. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revise operating procedures and training for reactive chemical processes as needed, to include descriptions of the possible consequences of deviations from normal operational limits and steps that should be taken to correct these deviations, including emergency response actions.
1998-06-I-NJ-6
Implement a program to ensure that deviations from normal operational limits for reactive chemical processes that could have resulted in significant incidents are documented and investigated and necessary safety improvements are implemented. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Implement a program to ensure that deviations from normal operational limits for reactive chemical processes that could have resulted in significant incidents are documented and investigated and necessary safety improvements are implemented.
1998-06-I-NJ-7
Revise the Yellow 96 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to show the proper boiling point and National Fire Protection Association reactivity rating. Evaluate the need for and change, as necessary, the MSDSs for other Morton dyes. Communicate the MSDS changes to current and past customers (who may retain inventories of these products). Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Revise the Yellow 96 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to show the proper boiling point and National Fire Protection Association reactivity rating. Evaluate the need for and change, as necessary, the MSDSs for other Morton dyes. Communicate the MSDS changes to current and past customers (who may retain inventories of these products).
1998-06-I-NJ-1
Establish a program that ensures that reactive chemical process safety information and operating experience are collected and shared with all relevant units of the company. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Establish a program that ensures that reactive chemical process safety information and operating experience are collected and shared with all relevant units of the company.
Issue joint guidelines on good practices for handling reactive chemical process hazards. Ensure that these guidelines, at a minimum, address the following issues: The evaluation of reactive hazards and the consequences of reasonably foreseeable and worst-case deviations from normal operations. The importance of reporting and investigating deviations from normal operations. The determination of proper design for pressure relief capability, emergency cooling, process controls, alarms, and safety interlocks, as well as other good-practice design features for handling reactive substances. The appropriate use of chemical screening techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry. Status: Closed - Acceptable Action
Issue joint guidelines on good practices for handling reactive chemical process hazards. Ensure that these guidelines, at a minimum, address the following issues: The evaluation of reactive hazards and the consequences of reasonably foreseeable and worst-case deviations from normal operations. The importance of reporting and investigating deviations from normal operations. The determination of proper design for pressure relief capability, emergency cooling, process controls, alarms, and safety interlocks, as well as other good-practice design features for handling reactive substances. The appropriate use of chemical screening techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry.